Travel Medicine
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 Dengue28/03/2024UpdatedDengue fever is an ancient disease of viral origin: the first case is mentioned in a Chinese medical encyclopaedia compiled between the 3rd and 5th centuries. Descriptions of several epidemics emerged in the 17th century, with the first outbr... Keep reading |
 Malaria07/09/2023Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite of the Plasmodiumgenus. In 2020 alone, the disease caused an estimated 241 million cases and 627,000 deaths worldwide. Africa is the continent with the highest risk of malari... Keep reading |
Tuberculosis30/05/2023Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, commonly known as Koch's bacillus, after the German doctor who discovered it in 1882. The bacteria usually affects the lungs (pulmon... Keep reading |
Traveller's diarrhoea28/03/2023Traveller's diarrhoea is one of the most common travel-related illnesses and can be caused by a variety of factors. Also known as “Montezuma's Revenge”, it affects 30 to 70% of travellers each year. CAUSES When travelling, the ... Keep reading |
Monkeypox03/02/2023Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV). On July 23, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Monkeypox a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" (PHEIC) due to an increase in cases occ... Keep reading |
SHINGLES26/01/2023Human Herpesvirus 3 (HHV 3) or Varicella-Zoster Virus is a DNA virus that belongs to the Herpesviridae family and is an alpha-herpesvirus. It is an endemic virus in our national area that mainly causes infection during childhood, causing t... Keep reading |
ROTAVIRUS GASTROENTERITIS11/01/2023Rotavirus is the most common pathogen capable of causing viral gastroenteritis among infants and children under 5 years of age. Particular attention should be paid to very young children, in whom the virus can cause severe diarrhea with dehyd... Keep reading |
LEISHMANIASIS13/12/2022Known for centuries under various names (for which a description of symptoms can be found engraved in stone tablets dating all the way back to the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal, in the 7th century BC), it was described with precision for the fi... Keep reading |
Japanese river typhyus13/12/2022Also called Tsutsugamushi in Japan, scrub typhus, mite typhus or tropical typhus, Japanese river typhus is caused by bacteria considered to belong to the same genre as typhus, but this classification is currently being reformulated. ... Keep reading |
Japanese encephalitis01/09/2022First documented in 1871, in Japan, Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral disease, and the principal cause of encephalitis in Asia and the Western Pacific. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates nearly 68,000 cases of Japanese encephal... Keep reading |
Yellow fever01/09/2022Yellow fever is an acute tropical disease, caused by an Arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family. First reported probably in the 17th century, the virus caused several serious epidemics that claimed many lives, including one in Livorno in 1804. ... Keep reading |
Rabies01/09/2022Rabies is a highly fatal zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus. It mainly affects animals but can occasionally affect humans, usually as a result of a bite from an infected animal. Animals, particularly wild animals, are the ... Keep reading |
Meningitis01/08/2022Meningitis is an inflammation that affects the membranes surrounding the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), which has two origins: bacterial or viral. The bacterial form is the most dangerous for humans. Whereas, generally, ... Keep reading |
Scabies18/07/2022Scabies is a parasitic infestation of the skin caused by Sarcoptes scabiei, a mite that has accompanied humans for at least 2,500 years. It is possibly mentioned in the Bible and also by Aristotle, but it is the Roman physician Celsus who ... Keep reading |
Avian influenza (Bird flu)18/07/2022Avian influenza is a bird disease caused by type A influenza virus. Widespread across the globe, it is an infection that can infect almost all bird species with varying degrees of severity, ranging from mild to highly pathogenic and contag... Keep reading |
Parotitis (Mumps)18/07/2022Mumps (medically known as parotitis) is a viral disease that causes swelling of the parotid glands on either side of the ears, which pushes them out making them look bigger. The disease is usually benign in children, but can cause serious ... Keep reading |
Ebola13/07/2022Ebola (EVD), also known as haemorrhagic fever, is a highly contagious disease transmitted by the Ebola virus. The virus was first described in 1976 when it was first discovered next to the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo (D... Keep reading |
Lassa fever13/07/2022Discovered in 1969 in Nigeria, Lassa fever is a viral disease that causes a life-threatening form of haemorrhagic fever. Found in several West African countries, cases have been reported following travel to endemic regions, but also in sever... Keep reading |
Amoebiasis07/07/2022Amoebiasis is a disease affecting the large intestine. It is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, which was given its name by German biologist, Fritz Schaudinn, in 1903, because of its ability to damage tissue (lysis). The World H... Keep reading |
Chagas07/07/2022Chagas disease, also called American trypanosomiasis, is a chronic human infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T cruzi), which causes heart failure and death in 20-30% of affected individuals. The parasite is typica... Keep reading |
Rift Valley Fever07/07/2022Rift Valley fever (RVFV) is a disease of viral origin, discovered in the early 1930s during an investigation into an outbreak of "enzootic hepatitis" (which affects a limited number of animals and is confined to certain herds) on a farm in Keny... Keep reading |
Syphilis30/06/2022Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that has a tumultuous history and has been a threat since at least the 15th century. In the absence of definite answers, there are two main theories that try to explain its origin. The first,... Keep reading |
Gonorrhea30/06/2022The term gonorrhea has Greek origins and is credited to the great physician Galen of Pergamum, who lived in Rome in the second century AD. The most commonly used term is “blenorrhagia” (Swediatur, 1700), which is etymologically comp... Keep reading |
Tick-borne encephalitis30/06/2022Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a disease caused by a member of the virus genus Flavivirus. It is mainly spread by tick bites and is widespread in many parts of Europe, including Italy. Consult the vaccine sheet CAUSE... Keep reading |
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)30/06/2022Papilloma virus or HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) is responsible for one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases in the world. An estimated 80% of sexually active women have or have had papilloma virus. Infections can be asym... Keep reading |
Chlamydia30/06/2022Chlamydia is a bacterial-borne sexually transmitted disease that has been known to humankind for a long time: the first reference dates back to about 1550 B. C. and appears in the Ebers Papyrus, a collection of medical and mystical knowle... Keep reading |
Rubella30/06/2022Rubella is an infectious disease caused by the Rubella virus that only affects humans. Along with measles, whooping cough, mumps and chickenpox, it is considered one of the most common childhood diseases. consult the vaccine sheet ... Keep reading |
Tetanus30/06/2022Tetanus is a severe neurological disorder with a generally fatal outcome, caused by exposure to the spores of the Clostridium tetani bacteria. These toxins damage the nervous system, which can lead to paralysis and tonic contractures... Keep reading |
Soft chancre30/06/2022Soft chancre, also called chancroid, is a sexually transmitted disease of bacterial origin that causes papular lesions and genital ulcers. The first description of the characteristics of soft chancre dates back to the 2nd century A. D.... Keep reading |
Chickenpox30/06/2022Chickenpox is an infectious disease of viral origin, caused by the varicella zoster virus, of the herpes virus family. It is a highly contagious disease that is transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person via the respiratory ro... Keep reading |
Molluscum contagiosum30/06/2022Molluscum contagiosum is a skin infection of viral origin caused by the virus of the genus Muscillopoxvirus belonging to the Poxviridae family. This disease is very common in Italy, particularly in children and among adults who have con... Keep reading |
Shigellosis30/06/2022Shigellosis is an infectious disease, caused by Shigella, a Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, which is mainly transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Out of the 165 million Shigella cases per year, 1. 5 million people die. 98% of these ... Keep reading |
HIV30/06/2022AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), which targets cells of the immune system. Its action presents with the reduction of the body’s defences and thus the development of opportunistic... Keep reading |
Influenza (Flu)28/06/2022Influenza is a highly contagious airborne viral infection that affects both humans and certain animal species. Influenza viruses are extremely antigenically diverse. These two characteristics make influenza a disease that cannot be er... Keep reading |
Hepatitis A28/06/2022Hepatitis A is an infectious viral disease, caused by the HAV virus of the genus Hepatovirus. Consult the vaccine sheet Unlike hepatitis B and C, hepatitis A does not cause chronic liver disease and is rarely fatal. However, it... Keep reading |
Hepatitis B28/06/2022Hepatitis B is a viral infectious disease, caused by the HBV virus, a member of the Hepadnaviridae family. Today, the disease represents a major global public health challenge. HBV can cause chronic infection and expose people to a hi... Keep reading |
Measles28/06/2022Measles is a highly contagious disease that is easily transmitted by air. It can affects individuals of all ages who are negative for the virus. It is caused by the Measles Morbillivirus virus, which was first isolated in Boston, in 1954... Keep reading |
Pneumococcus28/06/2022Pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) is a pathogenic bacteria responsible for many, often serious, diseases, including otitis, pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. The bacteria frequently affects the most vulnerable, chiefly children unde... Keep reading |
Pertussis (Whooping cough)28/06/2022Pertussis is a bacterial disease, also called the "100-day cough" because of the duration (10 or more weeks) of the main symptom. In circulation since at least the 16th century, pertussis is one of the most serious childhood diseases. In... Keep reading |
Legionellosis28/06/2022Legionellosis is caused by aerobic Gram-negative bacilli of the genus Legionella, of which 59 species and more than 70 distinct serogroups have been identified. Although all species are potentially pathogenic, Legionellosis is most comm... Keep reading |
Diphtheria28/06/2022Diphtheria is a highly contagious disease of bacterial origin, known since remote antiquity. It mainly affects the upper respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as pharyngitis and laryngitis, and can lead to death in more severe cases. In ... Keep reading |
Hepatitis C28/06/2022Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the HCV RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family. The disease primarily affects the liver, where it initiates a process that can degenerate into chronic Hepatitis C in 50-80% of patients. Since ... Keep reading |
Lyme disease28/06/2022Lyme disease (also known as Lyme borreliosis) is a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks to humans, which is now seeing a rise in cases even in areas of the world that were previously free of the disease. It is unclear whether this is d... Keep reading |
Plague27/06/2022The plague is a disease of bacterial origin, which is widespread in almost all parts of the world and has marked many moments in human history. CAUSES Yersinia pestis is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae f... Keep reading |
Covid-1927/06/2022COVID-19 is an infectious disease of viral origin, recorded as a respiratory infection of unknown origin for the first time in December 2019, in the Chinese city of Wuhan. On January 9, 2020, it was announced that it was indeed a new disea... Keep reading |
Poliomyelitis (Polio)24/06/2022Poliomyelitis, or polio, is an infectious disease of viral origin, extremely contagious, caused by three different types of polioviruses (1,2,3), belonging to the enterovirus genus. In some countries, poor sanitary conditions, badly functi... Keep reading |
Typhoid fever24/06/2022Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is an infectious disease of bacterial origin. It is present almost all over the world, and can be found in Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, and Oceania.... Keep reading |
West Nile Virus24/06/2022West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne virus first detected in 1937, in a fever patient in the West Nile district of Uganda, a fact that made it one of the first arthropod-borne viruses ever identified. CAUSES West Nile Virus (WNV) is a si... Keep reading |
Zika24/06/2022Zika virus disease (also called Zika fever or simply Zika) is a viral disease caused by the flavivirus of the same name. It was first isolated in 1947, in the Zika forest in Uganda, from which it takes its name. CAUSES West Nile Virus... Keep reading |
Hansen's disease (Leprosy)24/06/2022Hansen's Disease, better known as Leprosy, is a disease that has accompanied humans since ancient times. Even then, the civilisations of China, Egypt and India considered it an irrepressible, disfiguring and contagious disease. Long conside... Keep reading |
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever24/06/2022Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe form of haemorrhagic fever caused by a virus of the genus Nairovirus. The first cases were documented in 1944, when Soviet forces clashed with the German army in Crimea, but there are also ... Keep reading |
hantavirus24/06/2022Hantavirus infections comprise a diverse group of diseases. Some of the more than 28 known Hantaviruses (of which two in particular severely affect humans severely), can cause haemorrhagic fever with kidney syndrome (HFRS), Hantavirus pulmona... Keep reading |
Marburg Virus24/06/2022Marburg haemorrhagic fever is a viral disease, very similar to Ebola, caused by a virus indigenous to Africa that belongs to the Filoviridae family. Although rare, the virus has the ability to cause epidemics with high mortality rates. I... Keep reading |
MERS24/06/2022Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS) is an infectious disease caused by one of seven subtypes of coronavirus that infect humans. First detected in 2012 in the city of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia, but present in all regions of the... Keep reading |
Cholera23/06/2022Cholera first emerged in the 19th century and spread across the globe due to the Industrial Revolution, which caused a sudden increase in population growth and a rise in international travel. The disease has caused millions of deaths and seve... Keep reading |
Chikungunya23/06/2022Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease first described in Tanzania in 1952. Although a typically tropical disease, Chikungunya is also expanding rapidly in other parts of the world where it was previously unknown, due in part to climat... Keep reading |
